In today’s technology advancement era, where computers are a necessary nutrient to comply with and serve all the activities, the need for secured, reliable, simple and flexible system has advertently become a challenging concern for the organizations. The technology advancement has been a boon for speedy achievements of activity goals but at the same time the security breaches and transaction frauds are on rise. Thus, the Biometric Technology has taken its pace to prevent any security breaches and fraudulent. This technique measures unique physiological and behavioral features of individuals to identify and verify them as the right person for the crucial information. The physiological features include face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris, retinal, DNA etc. and behavioral features include signature, study of keystroke, voice etc.
Biometric techniques are providing a highly-secured identification and personal verification solutions thereby providing a robust solution to many challenging problems in security. The collection of Biometric characteristics is done using a device called a sensor used to acquire the data needed for verification or identification and to convert the data to a digital code. The quality of the device chosen to capture data has a significant impact on the recognition results. Among various devices, digital cameras can be used for face recognition, ear recognition etc or a telephone for voice recognition etc. A biometric system operates in verification mode or identification mode. In verification mode the system validation of a person identity is performed by comparing the captured biometric data with the biometric template stored in the database and is mainly used for positive recognition. In the identification mode the system captures the biometric data of an individual and searches the biometric template of all users in the database till a match is not found.
History
The history of biometric techniques originated in China in 14th century. It was a form of finger printing as reported by the Portuguese historian Joao de Barros. The Chinese merchants were stamping children's palm and footprints on paper with ink to distinguish the babies from one another. Biometrics is an ancient Greek word and is the combination of two words -bio means life, metric means measurement. It is a methodology for uniquely recognizing humans based upon their physical or behavioral characteristics. The physiological characteristics are fingerprint, face, hand geometry, DNA and iris recognition. Behavioral are related to the behavior of a person like signature, study of keystroke, voice etc. Thus a biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system which makes a personal identification by determining the authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic possessed by the user.
METHODS OF BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION:
• VERIFICATION: is the process of verifying the user is who they claim to be.
• IDENTIFICATION: is the process of identifying the user from a set of known users.
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